Jump to content

Foreign relations of the United Arab Emirates

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The diplomatic foreign relations of the United Arab Emirates are conducted by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation.

The United Arab Emirates has broad diplomatic and commercial relations with most countries of the world. It plays a significant role in OPEC, and is one of the founding members of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC). The United Arab Emirates is a member of the United Nations and several of its specialized agencies, as well as the World Bank, IMF, Arab League, Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC), and the Non-Aligned Movement. Also, it is an observer in the Organisation Internationale de la Francophonie. Most countries have diplomatic missions in the capital Abu Dhabi with most consulates being in United Arab Emirates's largest and most populated city, Dubai.

Multilateral relations

[edit]

UAE has joined the United Nations and the Arab League and has established diplomatic relations with more than 60 countries, including China, Japan, South Korea, Pakistan, Russia, India, Nepal, United States, and most Western European countries. It has played a moderate role within the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), the Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries (OAPEC), the United Nations, and the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC).

The UAE believes that the Arab League needs to be restructured to become a viable institution, and would like to increase the strength and interoperability of the GCC defense forces.

The UAE is a member of the following international organizations: UN and several of its specialized agencies (ICAO, ILO, UPU, WHO, WIPO); World Bank, IMF, Arab League, Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC), OPEC, Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries, and the Non-Aligned Movement.

In October 2010, the UAE was granted observer status at the Organisation Internationale de la Francophonie[1]

As a result of the foreign policy of the UAE, the Emirati passport became the largest individual climber in Henley & Partners Passport Index in 2018 over the past decade, increasing its global rank by 28 places.[2] According to the Henley Passport Index, as of 28 March 2019, Emirati citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 165 countries and territories, ranking the Emirati passport 21st in the world in terms of travel freedom.[3]

In July 2024, The UAE and Japan signed multiple agreements to enhance business ties, including a $3 billion green financing deal and cooperation on energy reserves. Bilateral trade reached $47.4 billion in 2023, with the UAE as Japan’s top GCC trading partner and a major oil supplier.[4]

Diplomatic relations

[edit]

List of countries which the United Arab Emirates maintains diplomatic relations with:

# Country Date[5]
1  United Kingdom 6 December 1971[6]
2  Belgium 8 December 1971[7]
3  Jordan 8 December 1971[8]
4  Sudan December 1971[9]
5  Bahrain 1971[10]
6  Iraq 1971[11]
7  Italy 1971[12]
8  France 5 January 1972[13]
9  India 6 January 1972[14]
10  Lebanon 8 January 1972[15]
11  Pakistan 13 January 1972[16]
12  Syria 19 January 1972[17]
13  Kuwait 8 March 1972[18]
14  United States 20 March 1972[19]
15  Japan 4 May 1972[20]
16  Netherlands 6 May 1972[21]
17  Germany 17 May 1972[22]
18  Libya 24 May 1972[23]
19  Tunisia 14 June 1972[24]
20  Morocco 14 July 1972[25]
21  Egypt 26 October 1972[26]
22  Iran 28 October 1972[27]
23  Spain 10 November 1972[28]
24  Somalia 29 November 1972[29]
25  Sweden 1972[30]
26  Tanzania 8 January 1973[31]
27  Mauritania 16 March 1973[32]
28  Turkey 21 March 1973[33]
29  Oman 1 April 1973[34]
30  Afghanistan 6 April 1973[35]
31  Chad 7 April 1973[36]
32  Norway 4 July 1973[37]
33  Algeria 6 July 1973[38]
34  Senegal 23 July 1973[39]
35   Switzerland 12 September 1973[40]
36  Malta 20 November 1973[41]
37  Canada 2 February 1974[42]
38  Argentina 26 February 1974[43]
39  Burundi February 1974[44]
40  Bangladesh 9 March 1974[45]
41  Austria 10 March 1974[46]
42  Brazil 10 June 1974[47]
43  Philippines 19 August 1974[48]
44  Saudi Arabia 21 August 1974[49]
45  Ireland 8 October 1974[50]
46  Zambia 29 November 1974[51]
47  Denmark 18 January 1975[52]
48  Finland 21 February 1975[53]
49  Cameroon 24 February 1975[54]
50  Australia 10 March 1975[55]
51  Ecuador 9 June 1975[56]
52  Venezuela 18 June 1975[57]
53  Lesotho 8 July 1975[58]
54  Gambia 9 July 1975[59]
55  Niger 9 July 1975[59]
56  Mexico 12 September 1975[60]
57  Thailand 12 December 1975[61]
58  Grenada 1975[62]
59  Qatar 1975[63]
60  Colombia 1 January 1976[64]
61  Mauritius 4 January 1976[65]
62  Indonesia 30 April 1976[66]
63  Portugal 20 June 1976[67]
64  Greece 21 June 1976[68]
65    Nepal 22 January 1977[69]
66  Comoros 2 June 1977[70]
67  Burkina Faso 16 January 1978[71]
68  Maldives 15 March 1978[72]
69  Chile 23 June 1978[73]
70  Sri Lanka 19 July 1979[74]
71  Uruguay 4 April 1980[75]
72  Luxembourg 6 May 1980[76]
73  South Korea 18 June 1980[77]
74  Mali 18 August 1981[78]
75  Ghana 25 August 1981[79]
76  Djibouti 26 December 1981[80]
77  Nigeria 20 January 1982[81]
78  Kenya 5 June 1982[82]
79  Sierra Leone 5 October 1982[83]
80  Seychelles 18 December 1982[84]
81  Malaysia 23 June 1983[85]
82  China 1 November 1984[86]
83  Singapore 15 May 1985[87]
84  New Zealand 20 May 1985[88]
85  Russia 13 November 1985[89]
86  Benin 5 January 1986[90]
87  Peru 17 June 1986[91]
88  Bolivia 1 December 1986
89  Czech Republic 7 June 1988[92]
 State of Palestine 17 November 1988[93]
90  Romania 1 August 1989[94]
91  Hungary 2 August 1989[95]
92  Poland 4 September 1989[96]
93  Nicaragua 1 August 1991
94  Bulgaria 10 October 1991[97]
95  Belize 10 December 1991[98]
96  Brunei 28 May 1992
97  Albania 1 June 1992[99]
98  Croatia 23 June 1992[100]
99  Azerbaijan 1 September 1992[101]
100  Kazakhstan 1 October 1992[102]
101  Slovenia 15 October 1992[103]
102  Ukraine 15 October 1992[104]
103  Lithuania 16 October 1992[105]
104  Belarus 20 October 1992[106]
105  Georgia 20 October 1992[107]
106  Uzbekistan 25 October 1992[108]
107  Guatemala 15 December 1992
108  Slovakia 3 February 1993[109]
109  Panama 9 March 1993
110  Ethiopia 5 May 1993[110]
111  Eritrea 28 June 1993[111]
112  Bosnia and Herzegovina 1 August 1993[112]
113  Vietnam 1 August 1993[113]
114  South Africa 17 May 1994[114]
115  Ivory Coast 30 May 1994[115]
116  Cambodia 21 October 1994
117  Guyana 6 February 1995
118  Guinea 2 June 1995[116]
119  Latvia 18 September 1995[117]
120  Turkmenistan 10 October 1995[118]
121  Tajikistan 19 December 1995[119]
122  Moldova 21 December 1995[120]
123  Rwanda 1995[121]
124  Barbados 8 January 1996[122]
125  Honduras 26 February 1996[123]
126  Mongolia 1 April 1996[124]
127  Mozambique 3 April 1996[125]
128  North Macedonia 27 May 1996[126]
129  Malawi 12 June 1996[127]
130  Zimbabwe 24 June 1996[128]
131  Namibia 22 July 1996
132  Kyrgyzstan 1 August 1996[129]
133  Laos 15 October 1996[130]
134  São Tomé and Príncipe 24 October 1997
135  Angola 11 December 1997
136  Armenia 25 June 1998
137  Suriname 7 October 1999
138  Cuba 18 March 2002[131]
139  Iceland 17 September 2003
140  Eswatini 2 November 2005[132]
141  Estonia 28 March 2006
142  Botswana 28 April 2006[133]
143  Cape Verde July 2006[134]
144  El Salvador 15 March 2007
145  Serbia 21 March 2007
146  Nauru 27 March 2007
147  Antigua and Barbuda 4 May 2007
148  Republic of the Congo 21 May 2007[135]
 Holy See 30 May 2007
149  Cyprus 6 June 2007
150  Paraguay 13 July 2007
151  Tonga 13 July 2007
 North Korea (suspended)[136] 17 September 2007
152  Togo 6 December 2007
153  Uganda 2007[137]
154  Montenegro 4 April 2008
155  Andorra 23 September 2008
156  Dominican Republic 12 November 2008[138]
157  San Marino 28 January 2009[139]
158  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 20 February 2009
159  Liberia 6 May 2009[140]
160  Central African Republic 22 May 2009
161  Vanuatu 23 June 2009
162  Monaco 9 October 2009
163  Palau 16 October 2009
164  Haiti 21 October 2009
165  Liechtenstein 22 October 2009
166  East Timor 13 November 2009
167  Costa Rica 11 March 2010
168  Fiji 17 March 2010
169  Tuvalu 29 March 2010
 Kosovo 27 April 2010[141]
170  Solomon Islands 29 April 2010
171  Samoa 11 May 2010
172  Marshall Islands 3 June 2010
173  Saint Kitts and Nevis 16 June 2010
174  Saint Lucia 29 November 2010[142]
175  Jamaica 4 March 2011
176  Bahamas 2 May 2011
177  Bhutan 13 September 2012
178  Dominica 17 December 2014
179  South Sudan 23 June 2016[143]
180  Federated States of Micronesia 8 September 2016
181  Madagascar 22 September 2016
182  Papua New Guinea 22 March 2017
183  Democratic Republic of the Congo 1 November 2017[144]
 Cook Islands 5 August 2018[145]
184  Kiribati 13 January 2019[146]
185  Equatorial Guinea 13 July 2019[147]
186  Israel 11 September 2020[148]
187  Myanmar 9 November 2020
188  Gabon Unknown
189  Guinea-Bissau Unknown
190  Trinidad and Tobago Unknown
191  Yemen Unknown

Africa

[edit]
Country Formal Relations Began Notes
 Algeria 6 July 1973 See Algeria–United Arab Emirates relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 July 1973 when UAE officials opened an embassy in Algiers[38]

  • Algeria has an embassy in Abu Dhabi.
  • The United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Algiers.
 Egypt 10 January 1972, severed diplomatic relations from 25 April 1979, Restored 11 November 1987 See Egypt–United Arab Emirates relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 January 1972[15]

Since the establishment of The UAE in 1971, Egypt and the United Arab Emirates relations were always at a good level and developing at an unprecedented rate. The bond of friendship between the leaders of both countries has reflected on the growing political, economic and cultural ties between them, as a result, UAE ranks first among Arab and foreign countries investing in Egypt.[149] The UAE and Egypt maintain a close economic ties and maintain trade between the two countries with imports and exports between the two sides.

 Eritrea 28 June 1993 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 June 1993[111]
  • Eritrea has an embassy in Abu Dhabi and a consulate-general in Dubai.[150]
  • The United Arab Emirates has a military base in Assab.
 Kenya 5 June 1982 See Kenya–United Arab Emirates relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 June 1982.

  • Kenya has an embassy in Abu Dhabi and a consulate-general in Dubai.
  • The United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Nairobi.
 Liberia 6 May 2009 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 May 2009[140]
  • Liberia has a Consulate General in Dubai.
  • Relations with The UAE are very good with multiple bilateral agreement signed in 2019.
 Libya 24 May 1972

The UAE maintains a forward operating base at the Al-Khadim Airport, near Marj.[151][152]

 Senegal 23 July 1973

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 July 1973[39]

The United Arab Emirates established an embassy in Dakar in March 2018, which was unveiled by Abdullah Bin Zayed Al Nahyan.[153] The Abu Dhabi Fund for Development loaned Senegal $13 million to invest in rural solar energy.[153]

 Somalia 29 November 1972 See Somalia–United Arab Emirates relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 November 1972[29]

  • Somalia has an embassy in Abu Dhabi.[154]
  • The United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Mogadishu.[155]

Americas

[edit]
Country Formal Relations Began Notes
 Argentina 26 February 1974 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 February 1974.
  • Argentina has an embassy in Abu Dhabi.
  • The United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Buenos Aires.
 Barbados 8 January 1996

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 January 1996.[122]

  • In 2022 the government of Barbados opened an embassy in Dubai.[1]
  • In 2023 the Government of Dubai signed a deal to operate the sole International airport in Barbados.[2]
 Brazil 26 May 1974 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 May 1974[156]
 Canada 2 February 1974 See Canada–United Arab Emirates relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 2 February 1974[159]

  • Canada has an embassy in Abu Dhabi and a consulate-general in Dubai.[160]
  • The United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Ottawa.[161]
 Chile 23 June 1978 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 June 1978[73]
  • Chile has an embassy in Abu Dhabi.
  • The United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Santiago.
 Colombia 1 January 1976 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 January 1976[64]
  • Colombia has an embassy in Abu Dhabi.
  • The United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Bogotá.
 Mexico 12 September 1975 See Mexico–United Arab Emirates relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 September 1975[60]

 Peru 17 June 1986

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 17 June 1986[91]

  • Peru has a consulate-general in Dubai.
  • The United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Lima.
 United States 20 March 1972 See United Arab Emirates–United States relations

The UAE's strategic relationship with the United States dates back to the 1990 invasion of Kuwait. Subsequent to joining the military effort, the two countries signed an agreement in late 1992 permitting the United States to use some UAE bases temporarily and to pre-position supplies on UAE territory.[164] Since 25 July 1994, a formal Defense Cooperation Agreement has been in place.[165] Ten years later, despite publicly opposing the US led war in Iraq, the UAE permitted a minimal amount of US forces to support the operation from the Al Dhafra air base, Jebel Ali, and naval facilities at Fujairah. Enhancing security relations, has been a US arms sale in March 2000 to the Emirates, valued at $8 billion and included over $2 billion worth of weapons, munitions, and services.[166]

A nuclear deal was signed between the US and the UAE meant to supply nuclear technology, expertise and fuel. Despite international opposition to neighboring Iran's nuclear developments, the US is confident of the UAE's compliance with the Nuclear Non-proliferation Treaty and the International Atomic Energy Agency safeguards to refrain from enriching uranium and extracting plutonium.[167] It firmly believes this agreement "has the potential to usher in an era of responsible nuclear-energy development throughout the Middle East."[168]

Commercially, the UAE is also the States' largest export market in the Middle East constituting $11.6 billion in exports annually. In March 2005, the US opened negotiations on a free trade agreement and despite intermittent depreciation of currencies in the Persian Gulf area, the UAE dirham remains pegged to the dollar.[169] The two countries have also maintained close ties through an exchange of cultural and educational partnerships which include the Guggenheim Museum, and a number of American Universities opening campuses in the Emirates.[170]

Asia

[edit]
Country Formal Relations Began Notes
 Afghanistan 6 April 1973 See Afghanistan–United Arab Emirates relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 April 1973[35]

  • Afghanistan has an embassy in Abu Dhabi and a consulate general in Dubai.
  • The United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Kabul.
 Armenia 25 June 1998 See Armenia–United Arab Emirates relations
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 June 1998.
  • Armenia has an embassy in Abu Dhabi.
  • The United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Yerevan.
 Azerbaijan 1 September 1992 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 September 1992[101]
  • The United Arab Emirates recognized the independence of the Republic of Azerbaijan on December 26, 1991.
  • Azerbaijan has an embassy in Abu Dhabi.
  • The United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Baku.
 Bahrain 1971 See Bahrain–United Arab Emirates relations
  • Bahrain has an embassy in Abu Dhabi.
  • The United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Manama.
 China 1 November 1984 See China–United Arab Emirates relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 November 1984[86] Over the years, the relations between the UAE and China intensified, causing increasing issues with an important western ally, the US. From the Chinese technology to crude oil and to COVID-19 vaccine, the Emirates began to expand its reliance on China.[173] In 2021, the US raised multiple warnings for the Emirates to move back in its growing relations with China. The Biden administration pushed the Emirates to abandon Huawei's telecommunication network, which was a potential threat to a crucial deal of F-35 fighter jet and other military equipment between the UAE and US.[174] The US also warned the Emirates of a military facility that was secretly being built by China at a port near Abu Dhabi. The US intelligence warnings and multiple trips by the American officials to the UAE let to a halt in the construction of the facility.[175]

  • China has an embassy in Abu Dhabi and a consulate-general in Dubai.
  • The United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Beijing and consulates-general in Hong Kong and Shanghai.
  • The UAE and China have been strong international allies, with significant cooperation across economic, political and cultural aspects.[176][177][178][179]
 India 23 February 1972 See India–United Arab Emirates relations

UAE enjoys close economic and cultural relations with India. Close maritime contact between India and the Arabian Peninsula date back to 3rd and 2nd millennium BC.[180] and textile and spice trade between the two countries flourished during most of 1st millennium AD.[181]

The discovery of oil allowed the UAE to increase and diversify its trade relations with India. UAE and India are each other's main trading partners. The trade totals over $75 billion (AED275.25 billion).[182] During the first half of 2010, non-oil trade between India and the UAE stood at US$20.4 billion.[183] UAE is home to more than 3 million Indian expatriates, making Indians the largest ethnic group in the nation.[184]

  • India has an embassy in Abu Dhabi and a consulate-general in Dubai.
  • The United Arab Emirates has an embassy in New Delhi.
 Indonesia 1976 See Indonesia–United Arab Emirates relations

The diplomatic relations between Indonesia and United Arab Emirates are friendly and cordial since they were established in 1976. Both Muslim majority countries, they each recognize the other's important role its respective region. Indonesia has an embassy in Abu Dhabi, while the United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Jakarta. Both countries are partners in multilateral organizations, such as the World Trade Organization (WTO), The Non-Aligned Movement and Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC). Indonesia uses the UAE as the main gate to enter the Persian Gulf and Middle East market, Indonesia's export to UAE is the largest in the Middle East. Indonesian Government has established the trade and investment representative office to promote its products in United Arab Emirates and the entire Middle East region.

 Iran 28 October 1972 See Iran–United Arab Emirates relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 October 1972[27]

 Iraq 1971 See Iraq–United Arab Emirates relations

The 1990 Iraqi invasion and occupation of Kuwait were a shock to the UAE.[164] For the UAE, the crisis over Kuwait demonstrated a lack of Arab unity on a critical Arab issue.[164] The UAE joined the Arab states that opposed the Iraqi invasion and supported the use of force to compel Iraq's withdrawal of troops from Kuwait.[164] Prior to the 2003 invasion of Iraq, the UAE opposed the US-led invasion.

In June 2008, the Iraqi government announced that the United Arab Emirates would send an ambassador to Baghdad within a few days. This would become the first Arab ambassador in Iraq since the kidnapping and murder of the Egyptian Ambassador Ihab el-Sherif in July 2005. This announcement was made during a surprise visit by the United Arab Emirates' Foreign Minister Abdullah bin Zayed Al Nahyan to Baghdad on 5 June 2008. This marked the first time a high-ranking official from a Gulf state visited Iraq since March 2003.[186][187]

On 31 July 2007 following Iraq victory of the Asian Cup, Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, vice-president and prime minister of the UAE awarded the Iraq national football team 20 million Dhs, ($5.2 million) for capturing the Asian Cup for the first time in the country's history.[188]

 Israel 15 September 2020 See Israel–United Arab Emirates relations
  • Israel has an embassy in Abu Dhabi and a consulate-general in Dubai.
  • The United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Tel Aviv.

The Abraham Agreement has opened a new window of opportunity for normalization between Israel and the UAE. However, some analysts, such as Salem Al Ketbi, reject "zero-sum arguments" and suggest that relations with Israel and Iran do not preclude each other.[189] As a response to the 2023 Israel-Hamas War, the UAE condemned Hamas for its "serious and grave escalation" and its hostage taking.[190]

 Jordan 1972 Jordan was the first country to recognize UAE after forming the union in 1971. The first commander in Chief in the UAE military was Jordanian, and the first commander in Zayed Military college was Jordanian as well. Making Jordan effectively one of a key partners of forming the UAE.[191]

The relationship between UAE and Jordan dates to the 1950s, before UAE gain independence and form the union. Jordan at the time used to aid UAE with educational, military, and health care missions, when UAE was still a barren desert.[192]

 Kuwait 8 March 1972 See Kuwait–United Arab Emirates relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 March 1972[18]

  • Kuwait has an embassy in Abu Dhabi and a consulate-general in Dubai.
  • The United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Kuwait City.
 North Korea 17 September 2007 See North_Korea–United Arab Emirates relations
 Malaysia 11 September 1974 See Malaysia–United Arab Emirates relations

The United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Kuala Lumpur, and Malaysia has an embassy in Abu Dhabi.[193] The countries established diplomatic relations in 1983.[194]

In 2005 Malaysia's export to the UAE stood at Dh7 billion. Main export items were gold and jewellery, wood products (furniture and parts), palm oil, petroleum products and electrical appliances. In 2007, trade between Malaysia and UAE was worth MYR 14.56 billion making UAE, Malaysia's largest trading partner in West Asia as well as Malaysia being the 10th largest exporter to UAE.[195] In 2009, Malaysian ambassador Datuk Yahaya Abdul Jabar said total trade between Malaysia and UAE from January to November stood at RM19.5 billion. Malaysia's main exports to the UAE are jewellery, consumer electronics and palm oil.[196]

 Oman 1 April 1973 See Oman–United Arab Emirates relations

Both countries established full diplomatic relations on 1 April 1973[34]

  • Oman has an embassy in Abu Dhabi and a consulate-general in Dubai.
  • The United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Muscat.
 Pakistan 13 January 1972 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 13 January 1972[16]

See Pakistan–United Arab Emirates relations

Pakistan and the UAE are very close allies with extremely close relations based on cultural affinities and shared faith. These relations date back to the UAE's formation in 1971, and have since developed into wide-ranging co-operation in various fields. UAE has been a major donor of economic assistance to Pakistan.[197] Sheikh Zayed International Airport in Rahim Yar Khan, in the Punjab province of Pakistan is an example of UAE's economic assistance as the late president and the founder of the UAE Sheikh Zayed donated the airport to the government of Pakistan.

UAE has emerged as one of Pakistan's major economic and trading partners. A large number of Pakistani expatriates, numbering nearly 1.2 million are gainfully employed in UAE.[citation needed]

 Qatar 1975 See Qatar–United Arab Emirates relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1975.[63]

The UAE alongside multiple Middle Eastern and African countries cut diplomatic ties with Qatar in June 2017 due to allegations of Qatar being a state sponsor of terrorism, resulting in the Qatar diplomatic crisis. Ties were restored in January 2021.[198] In June 2023, both countries reopened their embassies and appointed ambassadors in July and August.[199][200]

 Saudi Arabia 21 August 1974 See Saudi Arabia–United Arab Emirates relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 August 1974.[49]

  • Saudi Arabia has an embassy in Abu Dhabi and a consulate-general in Dubai.
  • The United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Riyadh and a consulate-general in Jeddah.
 South Korea 18 June 1980 See South Korea–United Arab Emirates relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 June 1980[77]

 Sri Lanka 19 July 1979 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 19 July 1979[74]

See Sri Lanka-United Arab Emirates relations

  • Sri Lanka has an embassy in Abu Dhabi.
  • The United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Colombo.
 Syria 19 January 1972 See Syria–United Arab Emirates relations
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations on 19 January 1972[17]
  • The UAE has an embassy in Damascus.
  • Syria has an embassy in Abu Dhabi and a consulate-general in Dubai.
  • Both countries are members of the Arab League.
  • On 18 March 2022, Bashar al-Assad visited the UAE for the first time since 2011. He met Dubai's Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum and the UAE President Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan for the peace deal. The US fully opposed the relations building between the UAE and Syria. Despite the US opposition, the UAE was still building relation with Syria. On 19 March 2023, Assad visited the UAE again, with his wife Asma al Assad.[202]
 Thailand 12 December 1975 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 December 1975[61]
  • Thailand has an embassy in Abu Dhabi and a consulate-general in Dubai.
  • The United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Bangkok
 Turkey 21 March 1973 See Turkey–United Arab Emirates relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 March 1973[33]

  • Turkey has an embassy in Abu Dhabi and a consulate-general in Dubai.
  • The United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Ankara and a consulate-general in Istanbul.
 Vietnam 1 August 1993 See United Arab Emirates–Vietnam relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 August 1993[113]

  • Vietnam has an embassy in Abu Dhabi.
  • The United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Hanoi.
 Yemen See United Arab Emirates-Yemen relations

The UAE and Yemen have a complex and strained relationship, as the UAE has played a significant role in regional politics in Yemen, and has at various points been an adversary of the country, as the UAE's involvement in Yemen, for example the United Arab Emirates takeover of Socotra, and its support for the Southern Transitional Council, a secessionist organization in Southern Yemen, has been a source of tension between the two countries, and has contributed to the ongoing conflict and humanitarian crisis in the country. Furthermore, the UAE has been involved in other efforts in Yemen that have been controversial. The country has been accused of backing local militias and separatist groups that have sought to gain more autonomy or independence from the central government. Some critics have accused the UAE of using these groups to further its own interests in the region, rather than working towards a broader peace and stability in Yemen.

Europe

[edit]
Country Formal Relations Began Notes
 Austria 10 March 1974 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 March 1974[46]
  • Austria has an embassy in Abu Dhabi.
  • United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Vienna.
 Cyprus 6 June 2007 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 June 2007[203]
  • Cyprus has an embassy in Abu Dhabi
  • The United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Nicosia.
 Denmark 18 January 1975 See Denmark–United Arab Emirates relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 January 1975[52]

  • Denmark has an embassy in Abu Dhabi.
  • The United Arab Emirates is accredited to Denmark from its embassy in Stockholm, Sweden.
 Finland 21 February 1975 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 February 1975[53]
  • Finland has an embassy in Abu Dhabi.
  • The United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Helsinki.
 France 5 January 1972 See France–United Arab Emirates relations

The UAE's relationship with France has been strategically important as it negotiated a defence cooperation agreement and remains one of the country's primary providers of military material.[204] France and the UAE have signed a defence cooperation agreement in order to diversity its procurement from solely the US.[204] Culturally, as the Sorbonne and Louvre are both establishing extensions in the UAE,[205] a plan is in the works to recreate a miniature Lyon city in Dubai complete with public squares, restaurants and museums.[206]

On 25 May 2009, the French president Nicolas Sarkozy visited the UAE, Abu Dhabi where he along with UAE's president Sheikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al Nahyan formally opened a French military base in the United Arab Emirates. This would become France's first permanent base in the Persian Gulf, hosting up to 500 French troops.[207] In addition to the inauguration of Peace Camp, Nicolas Sarkozy visited the site of a Louvre Museum branch which France is opening in the United Arab Emirates. Sheikh Abdullah bin Zayed Al Nahyan, Minister of Foreign Affairs, said that the co-operation with France is a top priority for the UAE's foreign policy.[208]

 Germany 17 May 1972 See Germany–United Arab Emirates relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 17 May 1972[22]

German exports amount to 5.84 billion Euros.[209] German companies significantly contribute to the UAE's ongoing infrastructure projects and play a leading role in the country's alternative energy developments.[210] Consequently, German Business Park, an area designed to house several of the already seven hundred present companies and their logistical needs, is in the midst of construction.[211]

 Greece 21 June 1976 See Greece–United Arab Emirates relations
  • Greece has an embassy in Abu Dhabi and an economic and commercial affairs office in Dubai.
  • United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Athens.
 Ireland 8 October 1974 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 October 1974[50]
  • Ireland has an embassy in Abu Dhabi.
  • The United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Dublin.
 Italy 1971
  • Italy has an embassy in Abu Dhabi and an consulate-general in Dubai.
  • United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Rome.
 Kosovo 14 October 2008[212][213] See Kosovo–United Arab Emirates relations
  • Kosovo has an embassy in Abu Dhabi.[214][215]
  • The United Arab Emirates is accredited to Kosovo from its embassy in Ankara, Turkey.
 Netherlands 6 May 1972 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 May 1972[21]
  • The Netherlands has an embassy in Abu Dhabi.
  • The United Arab Emirates has an embassy in The Hague.
 Poland 4 September 1989 See Poland–United Arab Emirates relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 4 September 1989[96]

  • Poland has an embassy in Abu Dhabi.
  • The United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Warsaw.
 Portugal 20 June 1976 See Portugal–United Arab Emirates relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 June 1976.

  • Portugal has an embassy in Abu Dhabi.
  • The United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Lisbon.
 Romania 1 August 1989 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 August 1989[94]
 Russia 13 November 1985 See Russia–United Arab Emirates relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 13 November 1985.

  • Russia has an embassy in Abu Dhabi and a consulate-general in Dubai.
  • The United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Moscow.
 Serbia 21 March 2007 See Serbia–United Arab Emirates relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 March 2007

  • Serbia has an embassy in Abu Dhabi.
  • The United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Belgrade.
 Spain 10 November 1972 See Spain–United Arab Emirates relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 November 1972.

  • Spain has an embassy in Abu Dhabi and a commercial office in Dubai.
  • The United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Madrid.
 Ukraine 15 October 1992 Both countries established diplomatic reations on 15 October 1992[104]
  • Ukraine has an embassy in Abu Dhabi.
  • The United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Kyiv.
  • When Russia invaded Ukraine in 2022, the UAE abstained in a U.N. Security Council vote to condemn Russia's invasion.[216] The UAE later condemned Russia in a U.N. General Assembly vote.[217]
 United Kingdom 6 December 1971 See United Arab Emirates–United Kingdom relations

The United Arab Emirates established diplomatic relations with the United Kingdom on 6 December 1971.[6]

  • The United Arab Emirates maintains an embassy in London.
  • The United Kingdom is accredited to the United Arab Emirates through its embassies in Abu Dhabi and Dubai.[218][219]

The UK governed the United Arab Emirates from 1920 to 1971, when the United Arab Emirates achieved full independence.

Both countries share common membership of the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have an Investment Agreement.[220] The UK and the Gulf Cooperation Council, of which the United Arab Emirates is a member, are negotiating a Free Trade Agreement.

Oceania

[edit]
Country Formal Relations Began Notes
 Australia 16 March 1975 See Australia–United Arab Emirates relations
  • Australia has an embassy in Abu Dhabi and a consulate-general in Dubai.
  • The United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Canberra.
 New Zealand 20 May 1985 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 May 1985[88]
  • New Zealand has an embassy in Abu Dhabi.
  • The United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Wellington.

Territorial disputes

[edit]
  • Location and status of boundary with Saudi Arabia is not final, de facto boundary reflects 1974 agreement; no defined boundary with most of Oman, but Administrative Line in far north;
  • UAE claims two islands through the Emirate of Ras Al Khaimah in the Persian Gulf that are currently controlled by Iran: Lesser Tunb (called Tunb as Sughra in Arabic by UAE and Jazireh-ye Tonb-e Kuchak in Persian by Iran) and Greater Tunb (called Tunb al Kubra in Arabic by UAE and Jazireh-ye Tonb-e Bozorg in Persian by Iran);
  • UAE claims an island through the Emirate of Sharjah in the Persian Gulf that is currently administered by Iran (called Abu Musa in Arabic by UAE and Jazireh-ye Abu Musa in Persian by Iran) - over which Iran has taken steps to exert unilateral control since 1992, including access restrictions and a military build-up on the island.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Émirats arabes unis - Organisation internationale de la Francophonie". Archived from the original on 26 July 2011. Retrieved 14 February 2011.
  2. ^ "Global Ranking – Visa Restriction Index 2017" (PDF). Henley & Partners. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 August 2019. Retrieved 14 March 2017.
  3. ^ Khaleej Times. "UAE passport inches upwards on Henley Passport Index". Archived from the original on 17 April 2019. Retrieved 17 April 2019.
  4. ^ Sharma, Alkesh (6 July 2024). "UAE and Japan sign agreements to enhance bilateral trade and boost partnerships". Archived from the original on 6 July 2024. Retrieved 6 July 2024.
  5. ^ "Diplomatic relations between United Arab Emirates and ..." United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved 10 April 2024.
  6. ^ a b "50 Years - The Formation of the United Arab Emirates". Arabian Gulf Digital Archives. Archived from the original on 20 January 2024. Retrieved 17 June 2024.
  7. ^ "Today we celebrate the 50th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between Belgium and the UAE!". Embassy of Belgium in Abu Dhabi. 8 December 2021. Retrieved 23 April 2024.
  8. ^ "Bilateral Relationship". The Embassy of the United Arab Emirates to the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. Retrieved 25 December 2023.
  9. ^ "UAE Embassy in Khartoum-Bilateral Relationship". www.mofa.gov.ae. Retrieved 10 December 2023.
  10. ^ "Bilateral relations". Archived from the original on 5 May 2012. Retrieved 15 May 2023.
  11. ^ "UAE's approach to Iraq". Al-Bayan Center. Retrieved 10 April 2024.
  12. ^ "UAE Embassy in Rome-Bilateral Relationship". www.mofa.gov.ae. Retrieved 9 December 2023.
  13. ^ "Année 1972 Index chronologique des documents intéressant le droit et les relations internationales parus à la Documentation française. p.1274". persee.fr (in French). Retrieved 28 April 2023.
  14. ^ "PM Modi's UAE visit in Jan marks 50 years of diplomatic ties, deepen partnership". Hindustan Times. 27 December 2021. Retrieved 24 April 2024.
  15. ^ a b News Review on West Asia - Page 13. Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses. 1972.
  16. ^ a b News Review on West Asia. Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses. 1972. p. 13.
  17. ^ a b ARR: Arab Report and Record - Page 38. Economic Features, Limited. 1972.
  18. ^ a b "Today in Kuwait's History". Kuwait News Agency (KUNA). Retrieved 11 May 2023.
  19. ^ "A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: The United Arab Emirates". Office of the Historian. Retrieved 20 April 2023.
  20. ^ 政府公表集 對外關係. クレス出版. 1972. Retrieved 20 April 2023.
  21. ^ a b ARR: Arab Report and Record. Economic Features, Limited. 1972. p. 241.
  22. ^ a b "Vereinigte Arabische Emirate: Steckbrief". Auswärtiges Amt (in German). Retrieved 20 April 2023.
  23. ^ ARR Arab Report and Record. Economic Features, Limited. 1972. p. 266.
  24. ^ "السفير التونسي: 50 عاماً من العلاقات الدبلوماسية الراسخة بين الإمارات وتونس". aletihad.ae (in Arabic). 15 June 2022. Retrieved 23 April 2024.
  25. ^ "UAE Embassy in Rabat celebrates 52nd anniversary of UAE-Morocco diplomatic relations". www.mofa.gov.ae. Retrieved 17 October 2024.
  26. ^ "Egypt-UAE 50th Anniversary". The Arab Republic of Egypt Precidency. 26 October 2022. Retrieved 24 April 2024.
  27. ^ a b Chronicle of Progress. Trident Press. 1996. p. 32. ISBN 9781900724036. Retrieved 20 April 2023.
  28. ^ "Decreto 3110/1972, de 10 de noviembre, por el que se crea la Embajada de España en Abu-Dhabi" (PDF). Agencia Estatal Boletin Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Retrieved 20 April 2023.
  29. ^ a b An-Nahar Arab Report - Volume 3, Issues 34-52. 1972. p. 7.
  30. ^ "Historic ties and robust trade: The flourishing partnership between the UAE and Sweden". Gulf News. Retrieved 10 December 2023.
  31. ^ D.G. Lavroff (1973). L'Afrique dans le monde (in French). Editions A. Pedone. p. 665. 8 janvier. — La Tanzanie et Etat des Emirats arabes unis ont décidé de nouer des relations diplomatiques au niveau des ambassadeurs.
  32. ^ Record of the Arab World: Yearbook of Arab and Israeli Politics. Research and Publishing House. 1973. p. 179.
  33. ^ a b Record of the Arab World Yearbook of Arab and Israeli Politics · Volume 1. Research and Publishing House. 1973. p. 181.
  34. ^ a b ARR, Arab Report and Record. 1973.
  35. ^ a b Record of the Arab World: Yearbook of Arab and Israeli Politics Volume 1. Research and Publishing House. 1973. p. 176.
  36. ^ Record of the Arab World: Yearbook of Arab and Israeli Politics · Volume 1. Research and Publishing House. 1973. p. 177.
  37. ^ ""Norges opprettelse af diplomatiske forbindelser med fremmede stater" (PDF)" (PDF). regjeringen.no (in Norwegian). Retrieved 25 April 2023.
  38. ^ a b Record of the Arab World Yearbook of Arab and Israeli Politics · Volume 1. Research and Publishing House. 1973. p. 175.
  39. ^ a b Record of the Arab World: Yearbook of Arab and Israeli Politics · Volume 1. Research and Publishing House. 1973. p. 180.
  40. ^ "50 years ago today, on 12 September 1973, Switzerland and the UAE established bilateral diplomatic relations". Ambassador Maya Tissafi. Retrieved 13 September 2023.
  41. ^ "Embassy of Malta in the United Arab Emirates". Retrieved 3 October 2023.
  42. ^ Linwood, DeLong (January 2020). "A Guide to Canadian Diplomatic Relations 1925-2019". Retrieved 26 June 2023.
  43. ^ "Biblioteca Digital de Tratados" (in Spanish). Retrieved 27 June 2023.
  44. ^ Année africaine (in French). Éditions A. Pedone. 1975. p. 160.
  45. ^ Chronicle of Progress. Trident Press. 1996. p. 59. ISBN 9781900724036. Retrieved 20 April 2023.
  46. ^ a b "About the Embassy". Embassy of the United Arab Emirates to the Federal Republic of Austria. Retrieved 20 April 2023.
  47. ^ "Todos los países" (in Portuguese). Retrieved 16 September 2023.
  48. ^ "Diplomatic History". Philippine Embassyin the United Arab Emirates. Retrieved 20 April 2023.
  49. ^ a b Middle East Economic Survey. 1974. p. CCXXXVI.
  50. ^ a b ARR: Arab Report and Record - Page 436. Economic Features, Limited. 1974.
  51. ^ ARR: Arab Report and Record. Economic Features, Limited. 1974. p. 557.
  52. ^ a b ARR: Arab Report and Record. 1975. p. 89.
  53. ^ a b "Finland and United Arab Emirates". Finland Abroad. Retrieved 20 April 2023.
  54. ^ Nouvelles Du Cameroun: Cameroon News. Cameroon. Embassy (U.S.). Press and Information Service. 1974. p. 11. Retrieved 19 April 2023.
  55. ^ "About the Embassy". United Arab Emirates Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Retrieved 14 May 2024.
  56. ^ ARR: Arab Report and Record - Page 6. Economic Features, Limited. 1975.
  57. ^ Libro amarillo correspondiente al año ...: presentado al Congreso Nacional en sus sesiones ordinarias de ... por el titular despacho (in Spanish). Venezuela. Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores. 2003. pp. 528–529.
  58. ^ Revue de la communauté France-Eurafrique Issues 252-277 (in French). 1975. p. 24. Le Lesotho va établir des relations diplomatiques au niveau des ambassadeurs avec l'Etat des Emirats Arabes Unis , annonce le Ministère des Affaires étrangères à Maseru ...
  59. ^ a b Standard and Chartered Review. 1975. p. 18. The growing importance of the UAE was em- phasised with eight new ambassadors , from Austria , Belgium , Eire , The Gambia , Malaysia , Netherlands , Niger and Switzerland , presenting their credentials to the President .
  60. ^ a b "Hoy conmemoramos el 47 aniversario del establecimiento de relaciones diplomáticas entre México y Emiratos Árabes Unidos". Secretaría de Relaciones Exteriores de México (in Spanish). Retrieved 20 April 2023.
  61. ^ a b "Bilateral Relationship". The Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Bangkok. Retrieved 20 April 2023.
  62. ^ "Consul General Majid Al-Suwaidi Represents UAE at the Inauguration Ceremony of the Grenada Parliament Building". Embassy of the United Arab Emirates, Washington, D.C. Retrieved 9 October 2024.
  63. ^ a b "العلاقات الثنائية". mofa.gov.qa (in Arabic). Archived from the original on 1 November 2023. Retrieved 16 October 2023.
  64. ^ a b "Bilateral relations with the United Arab Emirates". Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores Colombia. Retrieved 20 April 2023.
  65. ^ MEED Arab Report. Middle East Economic Digest Limited. 1976. p. 23.
  66. ^ "UAE and Indonesia 45 years of cooperation strategic relationships and growing partnerships". UAE international Investors Council. 30 April 2021. Retrieved 23 February 2024.
  67. ^ "United Arab Emirates". Portuguese Government Portal. Retrieved 20 April 2023.
  68. ^ "Bilateral Relationship - Athens - Ministry of Foreign Affairs". www.mofaic.gov.ae. Retrieved 10 December 2023.
  69. ^ "Nepal-the United Arab Emirates (UAE) Relations". Embassy of Nepal Abu Dhabi, UAE. Retrieved 20 April 2023.
  70. ^ Revue française d'études politiques africaines Issues 138-144 (in French). Société africaine d'édition. 1977. p. 25.
  71. ^ ARR, Arab Report and Record. 1978. p. 68.
  72. ^ "Countries with which the Republic of Maldives has established Diplomatic Relations" (PDF). Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Maldives. 11 May 2023. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 June 2023. Retrieved 7 July 2023.
  73. ^ a b "Relaciones bilaterales". Embajada de Chile en Emiratos Árabes Unidos (in Spanish). Retrieved 24 April 2023.
  74. ^ a b "Embassy History". Embassy of Sri Lanka Abu Dhabi - United Arab Emirates. Retrieved 20 April 2023.
  75. ^ "Resolución N° 360/014 APERTURA DE LA EMBAJADA DE LA REPUBLICA ORIENTAL DEL URUGUAY. EMIRATOS ARABES UNIDOS". IMPO - Centro de Informacion Oficial (in Spanish). Retrieved 24 April 2023.
  76. ^ "Bulletin de documentation (4/80)" (PDF). sip.gouvernement.lu (in French). p. 35. Retrieved 26 May 2023.
  77. ^ a b "Overview". Ministry of Foreign Affairs Republic of Korea. Retrieved 20 April 2023.
  78. ^ Marchés tropicaux et méditerranéens Volume 37 (in French). 1981. p. 2275. ... ouverture d'une ambassade du Mali à Abou Dhabi , a - t - on appris le 18 août ...
  79. ^ Le Mois en Afrique Issues 186-193 (in French). 1981. p. 159.
  80. ^ مجلة دراسات الخليج والجزيرة العربية: Journal of the Gulf and Arabian Peninsula Studies, (in Arabic). Vol. 8 (29–32). 1982. p. 290.
  81. ^ Le Mois en Afrique Issues 194-202 (in French). 1982. p. 168.
  82. ^ "British Embassy Abu Dhabi 9 June 1982". Arabian Gulf Digital Archives. Retrieved 20 April 2023.
  83. ^ ""British Embassy ABU DHABI 9 October 1982 ESTABLISHMENT OF DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS"". Arabian Gulf Digital Archives. Retrieved 23 April 2023.
  84. ^ "First Seychelles Diplomatic Mission And Tourism Office To Be Inaugurated In Middle East Today". Seygo Connect Seychelles Government. Retrieved 20 April 2023.
  85. ^ Foreign Affairs Malaysia, 7–8. 1983. p. 73.
  86. ^ a b "Joint Communique on the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations Between the People's Republics of China and the United Arab Emirates". Embassy of the People's Republic of China in the United Arab Emirates. Retrieved 20 April 2023.
  87. ^ "Diplomatic & consular list". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Singapore. Retrieved 11 July 2022.
  88. ^ a b New Zealand Foreign Affairs Review - Volume 35 - Page 57. New Zealand. Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 1985.
  89. ^ Middle East Contemporary Survey: Volume IX, 1984-1985. Avalon Publishing. 1988. p. 384. ISBN 9780813374451. Retrieved 6 May 2023.
  90. ^ Afrique contemporaine - Issues 137-144 (in French). Documentation française. 1986. p. 66.
  91. ^ a b "Relaciones Bilaterales". UAE Embassy in Lima. Retrieved 24 April 2023.
  92. ^ News Review on USSR/Europe. Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses. 1988. p. 372.
  93. ^ Ayalon; Shaked (1990). Middle East Contemporary Survey, Volume Xii, 1988. The Moshe Dayan Center. pp. 465 and 468.
  94. ^ a b "Brief history". EMBASSY OF ROMANIA in the United Arab Emirates. Archived from the original on 3 March 2022. Retrieved 6 May 2023.
  95. ^ Magyar Külpolitikai Évkönyv 1968-2010 Magyar Külpolitikai Évkönyv, 1989 (in Hungarian). pp. 152/512. Retrieved 25 April 2023.
  96. ^ a b Daily Report: East Europe - Issues 169-178. 1989. p. 52.
  97. ^ "Установяване, прекъсване u възстановяване на дипломатическите отношения на България (1878-2005)" (in Bulgarian).
  98. ^ "Diplomatic Relations – Belize" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 December 2017. Retrieved 6 December 2018.
  99. ^ "Albania and UAE Celebrate 30 Years of Diplomacy with Focus on Women's Empowerment". exit.al. Retrieved 25 April 2023.
  100. ^ "Date of Recognition and Establishment od Diplomatic Relations". mvep.gov.hr. Retrieved 6 May 2023.
  101. ^ a b "BILATERAL RELATIONS". Embassy of the Republic of Azerbaijan to the United Arab Emirates. Retrieved 20 April 2023.
  102. ^ "About the Embassy". gov.kz. Retrieved 6 May 2023.
  103. ^ "Priznanja samostojne Slovenije" (PDF). fotogalerija.dz-rs.si (in Slovenian). Retrieved 6 May 2023.
  104. ^ a b "Political dialogue". Embassy of Ukraine in the United Arab Emirates. Retrieved 20 April 2023.
  105. ^ "United Arab Emirates". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Lithuania. Archived from the original on 23 September 2021. Retrieved 20 April 2023.
  106. ^ "Political Cooperation". Embassy of the Republic of Belarus in the United Arab Emirates. Retrieved 20 April 2023.
  107. ^ Relations Between Georgia and the United Arab Emirates. Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Georgia).
  108. ^ "STATES WITH WHICH THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN ESTABLISHED DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS". uzbekistan.org.ua. Retrieved 6 May 2023.
  109. ^ "Štáty a teritóriá" (in Slovak). Retrieved 26 May 2023.
  110. ^ Keesing's Record of World Events - Volume 39 - Page 39488. Longman. 1993.
  111. ^ a b Horn of Africa Bulletin - Volume 5. Life & Peace Institute. 1993. p. 9.
  112. ^ "Dates of Recognition and Establishment of Diplomatic Relations". mvp.gov.ba. Retrieved 6 May 2023.
  113. ^ a b "RELATIONS VIETNAM - UAE". The Embassy of Socialist Republic of Viet Nam in the United Arab Emirates. Retrieved 20 April 2023.
  114. ^ "Department of International Relations and Cooperation - Bilateral agreements signed since 1994". Archived from the original on 23 November 2022. Retrieved 23 November 2022.
  115. ^ Africa Research Bulletin Political, social, and cultural series · Volumes 31-32. Blackwell. 1994. p. 11488.
  116. ^ "UAE Embassy in Conakry-Bilateral Relationship". www.mofa.gov.ae. Retrieved 10 December 2023.
  117. ^ "Dates of Establishment and Renewal of Diplomatic Relations". Ministry of Foreign Affairs Republic of Latvia. Retrieved 20 April 2023.
  118. ^ "Bilateral Relationship". mofaic.gov.ae. Retrieved 6 May 2023.
  119. ^ "Relations between the Republic of Tajikistan and the United Arab Emirates". mfa.tj. Retrieved 6 May 2023.
  120. ^ "Political and diplomatic relations". uae.mfa.gov.md. Retrieved 6 May 2023.
  121. ^ "Bilateral relations". Retrieved 23 July 2022.
  122. ^ a b "LIST OF COUNTRIES WITH WHICH BARBADOS HAS DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS BY REGIONS". Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Foreign Trade (Barbados). Archived from the original on 13 August 2017. Retrieved 25 March 2021.
  123. ^ "Canciller Lisandro Rosales busca inversion para Honduras en Emiratos Arabes Unidos". La Prensa (in Spanish). Retrieved 20 April 2023.
  124. ^ "List of Countries Maintaining Diplomatic Relations with Mongolia" (PDF). p. 3. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 September 2022. Retrieved 21 December 2021.
  125. ^ "La Documentation française: Monde Arabe 1996/3 (N° 153): Chronologies. Page 96". cairn.info (in French). Retrieved 9 September 2023.
  126. ^ "Bilateral relations". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of North Macedonia. Archived from the original on 30 September 2011. Retrieved 25 April 2023.
  127. ^ "Malawi - UAE Relations". Ministry of Foreign Affairs Malawi. Archived from the original on 16 February 2011. Retrieved 22 December 2023.
  128. ^ Marchés coloniaux du monde Volume 51, Issues 2643-2655 (in French). 1996. p. 1477.
  129. ^ "Political collaboration". mfa.gov.kg. Retrieved 6 May 2023.
  130. ^ "Diplomatic Relations". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Laos. Archived from the original on 1 June 2016. Retrieved 30 June 2021.
  131. ^ "UAE-Cuba establish diplomatic relations". Emirates News Agency-WAM. Retrieved 24 April 2023.
  132. ^ "التوقيع على بيان اقامة علاقات دبلوماسية بين دولة الامارات ومملكة". Emirates News Agency - WAM (in Arabic). 3 November 2005. Retrieved 24 July 2023.
  133. ^ "UAE and Botswana establish diplomatic relations". 29 April 2006.
  134. ^ "Cabo Verde quer fazer de Dubai sua plataforma de investimentos" (in Portuguese). 7 February 2022. Retrieved 11 May 2023.
  135. ^ "UAE and Congo Congo Brazzaville set up diplomatic relations". Emirates News Agency - WAM. Retrieved 20 April 2023.
  136. ^ "UAE cuts diplomatic ties with North Korea and ends visas". Middle East Eye. 13 October 2017. Retrieved 9 March 2024.
  137. ^ "UAE Embassy in Kampala-Bilateral Relationship". www.mofa.gov.ae. Retrieved 10 December 2023.
  138. ^ "ESTABLECIMIENTO DE RELACIONES DIPLOMÁTICAS" (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 4 October 2017. Retrieved 26 March 2022.
  139. ^ "UAE, San Marino establish diplomatic relations". Emirates News Agency-WAM. Retrieved 24 April 2023.
  140. ^ a b "UAE and Liberia establish diplomatic ties". gulfnews.com. Retrieved 20 April 2023.
  141. ^ Gëzim Visoka (2018). Acting Like a State: Kosovo and the Everyday Making of Statehood. Abingdon: Routledge. pp. 219–221. ISBN 9781138285330.
  142. ^ "UAE and Saint Lucia to establish diplomatic relations". Emirates News Agency-WAM. Retrieved 24 April 2023.
  143. ^ "Al Jarman receives credentials of South Sudan envoy". Emirates News Agency - WAM. 23 June 2016. Retrieved 26 September 2023.
  144. ^ "UAE establishes official diplomatic relations with Democratic Republic of Congo". Emirates News Agency - WAM. Retrieved 20 April 2023.
  145. ^ "UAE, Cook Islands sign deal to establish diplomatic relations". The Gulf Today. 5 August 2018. Archived from the original on 6 August 2018. Retrieved 5 August 2018.
  146. ^ "Abdullah bin Zayed receives President of Kiribati". Emirates News Agency. 13 January 2019. Retrieved 9 October 2024.
  147. ^ "President of Equatorial Guinea receives credentials of UAE Ambassador". Emirates News Agency. 13 July 2019. Retrieved 9 October 2024.
  148. ^ "Timeline: Israel-Gulf normalization moves follow years of failed diplomatic initiatives". Reuters. 15 September 2020. Retrieved 16 May 2023.
  149. ^ "Egypt and U.A.E Relations". Archived from the original on 9 January 2009.
  150. ^ "Missions of State of Eritrea In UAE". UAE Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Archived from the original on 8 September 2021. Retrieved 8 September 2021.
  151. ^ Rogoway, Tyler (27 October 2016). "Shadowy UAE Base in Libya Hosts Attack Aircraft and Chinese Drones". The Drive Media, Inc. Archived from the original on 1 September 2022. Retrieved 2 July 2019. Some of these nations even have their own forward operating bases in Libya, including a secretive remote airfield operated by the United Arab Emirates and located about 50 miles southeast of Benghazi. Here, the UAE has deployed a pocket air force of heavily armed and armored agricultural planes developed into surveillance and light attack platforms–the AT-802U Border Patrol variant of the Air Tractor and the more capable IOMAX Archangel–in addition to S-70 Blackhawks, and Chinese Wing Loong unmanned aircraft
  152. ^ "UAE operating an airbase near Marj: report". Libya Herald. 26 October 2016. Archived from the original on 27 July 2021. Retrieved 2 July 2019. IHS Jane's says that the UAE is operating propeller-driven AT-802U light aircraft, helicopters and surveillance drones from the Al-Khadim airport to the south-east of Marj and Jardas Al-Abid.
  153. ^ a b "Abdullah opens new UAE Embassy in Senegal". Gulf News. 6 March 2018. Archived from the original on 12 March 2018. Retrieved 11 March 2018.
  154. ^ "Prime minster [sic] Omar meets with UAE ambassador to Somalia". Goobjoog. 19 January 2015. Archived from the original on 21 January 2015. Retrieved 21 January 2015.
  155. ^ "Somaliland UAE Office | UAE Somaliland Consulate". Archived from the original on 17 October 2018. Retrieved 16 October 2018.
  156. ^ "Los vínculos entre Emiratos y Brasil se remontan a 50 años atrás". Emirates News Agency-WAM (in Spanish). Retrieved 25 April 2023.
  157. ^ "Embaixada do Brasil em Abu Dhabi - escolha seu idioma". Ministério das Relações Exteriores. Archived from the original on 27 July 2022. Retrieved 27 July 2022.
  158. ^ "Embassy of the United Arab Emirates in Brazil". Archived from the original on 12 August 2014. Retrieved 21 February 2015.
  159. ^ "A Guide to Canadian Diplomatic Relations 1925-2019". Canadian Global Affairs Institute. Retrieved 20 April 2023.
  160. ^ "Embassy of Canada to United Arab Emirates". Archived from the original on 16 February 2015. Retrieved 21 February 2015.
  161. ^ "UAE Embassy in Ottawa-Home". Archived from the original on 20 February 2015. Retrieved 21 February 2015.
  162. ^ "Embajada de México en Abu Dhabi, Emiratos Árabes Unidos". Archived from the original on 6 October 2022. Retrieved 19 October 2022.
  163. ^ "UAE Embassy in Mexico". Archived from the original on 20 October 2022. Retrieved 19 October 2022.
  164. ^ a b c d Hooglund, Eric; Toth, Anthony (1994). "United Arab Emirates: Foreign Relations". In Metz, Helen Chapin (ed.). Persian Gulf states: country studies (3rd ed.). Washington, D.C.: Federal Research Division, Library of Congress. pp. 247–248. ISBN 0-8444-0793-3. OCLC 29548413. Archived from the original on 9 January 2022. Retrieved 20 May 2021. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  165. ^ CRS Report for Congress, The United Arab Emirates (UAE): Issues for U.S. Policy, May 2005 Archived 6 March 2009 at the Wayback Machine
  166. ^ CRS Report for Congress Pg. 5
  167. ^ "U.S.-United Arab Emirates sign nuclear deal". Archived from the original on 8 December 2014. Retrieved 21 February 2015.
  168. ^ John Pike. "New U.S.-U.A.E. Deal Raises Eyebrows Amid Concern Over Iran's Nuclear Program". Archived from the original on 7 December 2014. Retrieved 21 February 2015.
  169. ^ Thaindian News, "Pegged to dollar, Gulf currencies have depreciated: report", 7 April 2008, http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/world-news/pegged-to-dollar-gulf-currencies-have-depreciated-report_10035374.html Archived 19 June 2008 at the Wayback Machine
  170. ^ UAE-US Relations: UAE-US Partnerships, "UAE-US Partnerships". Archived from the original on 29 December 2008. Retrieved 5 February 2009.
  171. ^ "UAE Embassy in Washington, DC". Archived from the original on 6 May 2012. Retrieved 21 February 2015.
  172. ^ "Home - Embassy of the United States Abu Dhabi, UAE". Archived from the original on 11 February 2015. Retrieved 21 February 2015.
  173. ^ England, Andrew (20 September 2021). "'More of China, less of America': how superpower fight is squeezing the Gulf". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 10 December 2022. Retrieved 20 September 2021.
  174. ^ "Biden Prods UAE to Dump Huawei, Sowing Doubts on Key F-35 Sale". Bloomberg.com. 11 June 2021. Archived from the original on 11 June 2021. Retrieved 11 June 2021.
  175. ^ "Secret Chinese Port Project in Persian Gulf Rattles U.S. Relations With U.A.E." The Wall Street Journal. 19 November 2021. Archived from the original on 19 November 2021. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  176. ^ "Strong bilateral relations serve the strategic interests of both China and the UAE". The National. Archived from the original on 30 November 2018. Retrieved 13 July 2018.
  177. ^ "UAE to welcome China president Xi Jinping in landmark state visit". The National. Archived from the original on 30 November 2018. Retrieved 13 July 2018.
  178. ^ Salama, Samir (13 July 2018). "President Xi's visit a milestone in UAE-China ties, says Chinese ambassador". GulfNews. Archived from the original on 13 July 2018. Retrieved 13 July 2018.
  179. ^ Sami Zaatari (12 July 2018). "More and more Chinese make UAE their home". GulfNews. Archived from the original on 27 July 2018. Retrieved 13 July 2018.
  180. ^ Ganguly, D.K. (1984). History and Historians in Ancient India. Abhinav Publications, 1985. ISBN 0-391-03250-X.
  181. ^ Embassy of India - India-UAE relations Archived 16 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine
  182. ^ "UAE and India sign crucial investment protection pact". Gulf News. 13 December 2013. Archived from the original on 3 January 2014. Retrieved 20 February 2014.
  183. ^ "UAE-India H1 trade jumps 57% to $20.4b".[permanent dead link]
  184. ^ Background Note:United Arab Emirates Archived 6 June 2002 at the Wayback Machine, Bureau of Near Eastern Affairs, U.S. Department of State
  185. ^ "EMBASSY OF THE UAE IN TEHRAN". UNITED Arab Emirates Ministry of Foreign Relations & International Cooperation. Archived from the original on 20 September 2018. Retrieved 20 September 2018.
  186. ^ "Emirates to send envoy to Baghdad". BBC News. 5 June 2008. Archived from the original on 22 November 2018. Retrieved 5 June 2008.
  187. ^ "UAE to name ambassador to Baghdad". Gulf News. 5 June 2008. Archived from the original on 5 December 2008. Retrieved 5 June 2008.
  188. ^ "Iraq football team awarded 5.5mn". 1 August 2007. Archived from the original on 28 July 2012. Retrieved 30 November 2008.
  189. ^ "Israeli PM visits the UAE, a sign of deepening ties with Arab states | Middle East Policy Council". mepc.org. Archived from the original on 1 January 2022. Retrieved 1 January 2022.
  190. ^ "UAE calls Hamas attacks on Israel a 'serious and grave escalation'". Reuters. 8 October 2023. Archived from the original on 9 October 2023. Retrieved 9 October 2023.
  191. ^ القيسي, ابراهيم عبدالمجيد. "الأردن الإمارات .. علاقة متينة راسخة". جريدة الدستور الاردنية (in Arabic). Retrieved 29 September 2019.[permanent dead link]
  192. ^ "السفير الامارتي:اول دولة اعترفت بالاتحاد الامارتي هي الاردن". وكالة ناطق نيوز الاخبارية. 2 December 2017. Retrieved 29 September 2019.[permanent dead link]
  193. ^ "Redirecting". Archived from the original on 21 February 2015. Retrieved 21 February 2015.
  194. ^ "Khaleej Times Online - Special Report". Archived from the original on 17 November 2008. Retrieved 21 July 2009.
  195. ^ "BERNAMA - Malaysia, UAE Trade Hits RM14.56 Billion in 2007". Archived from the original on 4 June 2011. Retrieved 21 July 2009.
  196. ^ "hailpaza.com". Archived from the original on 24 June 2019. Retrieved 28 July 2020.
  197. ^ "Relations with UAE get wider, deeper". Pakistan Observer. 26 November 2008. Archived from the original on 26 June 2009. Retrieved 26 December 2008.
  198. ^ "UAE to restore Qatar trade and travel links 'within a week' after row ends". BBC. 7 January 2021. Archived from the original on 24 August 2021. Retrieved 8 September 2021.
  199. ^ "Qatar appoints ambassador to UAE after years-long rift". www.aa.com.tr. Retrieved 22 August 2023.
  200. ^ Qarjouli, Asmahan (15 August 2023). "UAE names first envoy to Qatar since 2017 GCC crisis". Doha News. Retrieved 22 August 2023.
  201. ^ "Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of Korea-Middle East and Africa". 4 September 2015. Archived from the original on 4 September 2015. Retrieved 24 January 2019.
  202. ^ "Syria's Assad arrives in United Arab Emirates in official visit". Reuters. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
  203. ^ "Bilateral Relations". Embassy of the Republic of Cyprus in Abu Dhabi. Retrieved 20 April 2023.
  204. ^ a b Library of Congress Country Profile: UAE, http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/profiles/UAE.pdf Archived 26 February 2015 at the Wayback Machine
  205. ^ "Louvre museum to build branch in UAE - USATODAY.com". USA Today. Archived from the original on 19 July 2009. Retrieved 21 February 2015.
  206. ^ "UAE and France share strong bilateral relations". Archived from the original on 2 December 2008. Retrieved 21 February 2015.
  207. ^ "French President Sarkozy opens UAE base". BBC. 26 May 2009. Archived from the original on 28 May 2009. Retrieved 10 January 2009.
  208. ^ "Relationship with France is top priority for UAE, Abdullah says". Gulf News. 26 May 2009. Archived from the original on 28 May 2009. Retrieved 10 January 2009.
  209. ^ Federal Foreign Office of Germany Archived 10 September 2016 at the Wayback Machine Country Profile UAE, October 2008
  210. ^ "UAE, Germany to cooperate in averting financial mayhem" Archived 16 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine Saudi Gazette.
  211. ^ "Dubai Silicon Oasis Authority, Website News Release, October 2007". Archived from the original on 21 March 2009. Retrieved 5 February 2009.
  212. ^ "UAE recognises Kosovo". Emirates News Agency. 14 October 2008. Archived from the original on 17 October 2008. Retrieved 14 October 2008. In accordance with its firm support for the principle of the legitimate right of peoples to self-determination, the United Arab Emirates has announced its recognition of the Kosovo Republic as an independent and sovereign state.
  213. ^ "UAE recognises Kosovo". IC Publications. 14 October 2008. Archived from the original on 22 October 2008. Retrieved 14 October 2008.
  214. ^ "Kosovo, Moldova open embassies in Abu Dhabi". Gulf News. 13 May 2018. Archived from the original on 16 December 2018. Retrieved 15 December 2018.
  215. ^ "Kosovo opens embassy in UAE". Gazeta Express. 10 May 2018. Archived from the original on 16 December 2018. Retrieved 15 December 2018.
  216. ^ Nichols, Michelle; Pamuk, Humeyra (26 February 2022). "Russia vetoes U.N. Security action on Ukraine as China abstains". Reuters. Archived from the original on 26 February 2022. Retrieved 26 February 2022.
  217. ^ Ravid, Barak (2 March 2022). "UAE abstained from UN Security Council vote on Russia due to U.S. response to Houthi attacks". Axios. Archived from the original on 13 May 2022. Retrieved 13 May 2022.
  218. ^ "British Embassy Abu Dhabi". GOV.UK. Archived from the original on 10 August 2023. Retrieved 17 June 2024.
  219. ^ "British Embassy Dubai". GOV.UK. Archived from the original on 2 November 2023. Retrieved 17 June 2024.
  220. ^ "United Arab Emirates - United Kingdom BIT (1992)". UN Trade and Development. Archived from the original on 4 March 2024. Retrieved 8 June 2024.
[edit]